Exercise 3.3
Adapted from: Smakman, (2014)
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The words below have weak endings. Practise pronouncing the vowels as really long, so exaggerate a little bit. After you have practised a few times, record yourself and listen back to your recording for improvements.
1. carve 7. peers
2. move 8. judge
3. live 9. fudge
4. starve 10. large
5. groove 11. big
6. stove 12. cause
Exercise 3.4
Adapted from: Smakman, (2014)
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Whenever a vowel or combination of vowels is immediately followed by /l/, /n/, /m/, or /ᵑ/, the same rule applies, the vowels are shortened when the next sound is strong, and lengthened when the next wound is weak.
For example, in the word field, the /i:/ vowel is immediately followed by an /l/, but the vowel is still slightly longer because the final sound of the word is a /d/.
Copy the words below into your Pronunciation Portfolio and highlight all combinations of vowels and /l/, /m/, /n/, or /ᵑ/s. Also highlight the last sound of every word, using bold for strong endings and italics for weak endings.
Then, listen to the examples by native speakers in recording 3c and imitate what you hear. Record yourself after a few rounds of practice and listen back to your recording for improvements.
After this activity, watch instruction video 3 on the next page.
1. felt 6. cents
2. kills 7. pants
3. burnt 8. once
4. charmed 9. shield
5. calmed 10. sings
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Recording 3c